Assignment
Mass Communication and Media Studies
S.B Gardi Department of English, MKBU
Nirali Makvana
Sem 4 ( M.A )
Roll no. 14
📌TV as a medium of Education
✒ Abstract
Of all the mass media today, television attracts the largest number of viewers. Its audience is greater in size than that of any other media audiences. Since television is able to attract the audiences of all age groups, literate and illiterate and of all the strata of the society, it has an enormous audience. In India, from the beginning, television had been used more for education and information purposes than for entertainment. It had performed different other functions as compared to the televisions in the west. Even today, though commercials have entered Indian television in a big way, its basic purpose did not change. It continues to perform its function of development and national integration. Like movies, television also stimulates ideas, beliefs, and tendencies already possessed by the viewer. For example, television repeats and thereby reinforces the messages on family planning, the importance of educating girls, environment protection, energy conservation etc. Television can be the most powerful educational medium as it combines speaking, writing and showing.
✒ Objectives
▪ To ponder upon the brief history of the television and types of television.
▪ To ponder upon the major objectives and background of television.
▪ To find out why Television play a vital role among all other mass communication mediums.
▪ How Television plays a vital role as a medium of Education.
✒Brief History of Television
It has become one of the most common ways people view the larger world beyond them, as well as being one of the best ways for people to escape from the world. In the 1880s a German inventor created simplistic moving images using a filtered light viewed through a spinning disk, laying the foundations for the modern television. During the 1920s a number of scientists began experimenting with sending still images using radio waves. However, it was in 1928 that General Electric first combined the idea of a device that could show moving images with the technology to wirelessly broadcast them.
During the 30s and 40s the technology was gradually improved upon. In America the first regular broadcasts began in 1939 though it was not until after the Second World War that the television as a standard home appliance began to really take off. After 1945 television sales in America skyrocketed. The first
colour broadcast was made in 1954. Throughout the rest of the world, television came years later, and it wasn’t until the late 1960s that a television was commonplace in houses throughout the West. By the 1970s, television had become the dominant media force it is today, with 24 hour programming, mass advertising and syndicated shows. In the 1980s satellite television shrunk the world, making live feeds from other countries and time zones possible. The new millennium brought the advent of digital television, which is the future of television.
✒History of Television in India
Television began in India on 15th September 1959 as an experiment. It offered a two-hour programme for a week. Initially the authority was AIR. The early programmes. These experimental broadcasts were generally educational programmes for schoolchildren and farmers. By the 1970s, television centres were opened in other parts of the country also. In 1976, Doordarshan, which was All India Radio՚s television arm until then became a separate department. Several community television sets were distributed as a part of one of the important
landmarks in the history of Indian television, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) . It was conducted between August 1975 and July 1976. Under this programme, the Indian government used the American satellite ATS-6 to broadcast educational programmes to Indian villages of six states. The telecasts happened twice a day, in the morning and evening. In 1982, Doordarshan telecasted the 9th Asian Games using INSAT 1A satellite.
In 1997, Prasar Bharati, a statutory autonomous body was established. Doordarshan AIR was converted into government corporations under Prasar Bharati. From its humble beginning as a part of All India Radio, Doordarshan has grown into a major television broadcaster with around 30 or more channels. This includes Regional Language Satellite Channels, State Networks, International Channel and All India Channels like DD National, DD News, DD Sports, DD Gyan darshan, DD Bharati, Lok Sabha Channel and DD Urdu.
✒Television as a tool of Education
Television, which has an important place in mass communication, has a significant role in distance education with its special position, the way of presentation and qualities peculiar to itself. Technological developments in the field of communication can be adapted in the field of education as it is adapted to many fields of life. Thanks to the new technologies available in this field and the advantages they provide, television can already be seen as an outdated tool. Yet as long as the opportunities it provides still keep its validity, television technology is not far from the new developments. Thanks to its special features, television in distance education fulfills the functions mentioned below:
Supporting and enhancing teaching
Instructing
Explaining , clarifying
Summarizing
Reinforcement
Motivation and encouragement
Using as supplementary for the other materials
Imposing study speed ( determining rate of study)
Presenting a reference to large masses
Changing behavior
Presenting unreachable facts and events
Of these special features, perhaps the most important one is that television is a very familiar and attractive source from the point of view of buyers. It is also part of our daily life.
✒ Benefits of Educational Television
With so much controversy surrounding the effects of television on the minds of young people, there is concern that TV is doing more harm than good. Since many channels are geared toward an adult audience, stick to channels like PBS, History Channel, Discovery Channel, and Animal Planet for your kids. With supervision and monitoring, television can actually be a positive experience.
Here are a few ways in which television is beneficial for children:
TV can help a child’s intellect
In many studies, researchers have observed how educational programs can aid in boosting children’s intellect. Surprisingly, children aged 2 to 7 who watched a few hours of educational television programs per day performed better on academic tests than those who didn’t watch TV. They also found children who spent most of their television time watching shows like cartoons scored lower than those who viewed educational ones. Therefore, it is important to monitor what your children are watching and show them educational programs as opposed to simply letting them watch cartoons.
TV can be a teacher for children
Whatever your child may be interested in, there is likely an educational show on that subject. Television is a great way to open your child’s mind to a variety of things and help them learn about topics they may not be exposed to at school. On the other hand, television can reinforce what children learn in school and provide a supplementary method to teaching children about important subjects.
Television has been given considerable importance in many countries as a source and a tool of teaching. The success stories of using television for education in many countries has negated the concept that television is basically an entertainment oriented medium and it is hostile to thoughts. Television is adaptable and can follow different approaches when used in different educational situations. The medium is used for formal, non-formal and informal education. To support formal education, television usually functions as a supportive and reinforcement tool. Television can be attached with school curriculum and time tables. When systematically organized it takes the form of school broadcast. In non-formal education, television has a more specific role to play. When used as a part of multimedia communication tool, television can directly or indirectly teach the subject matter.
Importance of television to communicate information, ideas, skills and attitudes has been affirmed by researchers. You should attempt to study various reports published on educational television in different countries in different situations. In the words of the Director BBC “next to home and school I believe television to have a more profound influence on the human race than any other medium of communication.” If media is to work as an effective teaching tool then certainly it is helping hand towards, achieving the aim and objectives of education. Media is an agent of boosting cultural economic and social development activity. Television, as an important mass medium disseminates education through formal and information methods. Television also continues to benefit the masses by making them conscious of the environment, rights, duties and privilege. It is a source of teaching etiquette, language skills, hobbies, social relations and religious beliefs. Role of television is neither fixed nor easily tangible and measurable. The role is directly related to the question of how the planners are serious and determined to use television. The role could either be enormous or, on the contrary, very meager depending upon the specific tasks and available resources. Generally television can help to achieve the following objectives:
a) Social quality in education
b) Enhance quality in education
c) Reduce dependency on verbal teaching and teachers
d) Provide flexibility of time and space in learning.
e) Stimulates learning
f) Provide mass education opportunities.
✒To Conclude
The first step in successful educational television production is getting children to choose and pay attention to the program. Fortunately, we know a considerable amount about attention to television. Many programs, such as Sesame Street and Blue’s Clues, have made use of this knowledge (Anderson, 2004). The second step is to ensure that the production is comprehensible and does not distract from the core educational content of the program. In this regard, productions benefit enormously from formative research done with storybooks based on scripts, storyboards, and animatics (usually black and white drawings and partial animation with audio from voice actors and stand-ins). Such formative research ensures that children can com-prehend and remember the content. Systematic formative research was an aspect of Sesame Street’s innovation (Lesser, 1974) and is currently employed in many successful educational children’s programmes.
📌Work Citation
▪Anderson, Daniel R., et al. “The Educational Impact Of Television.” The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, 2012, doi:10.1002/9781444361506.wbiems134.
▪Duby, Aliza. “Using Television as an Educational Medium.” Educational Media International, vol. 28, no. 4, 1991, pp. 190–198., doi:10.1080/0952398910280405.
▪Naveed, Fakhar. “ROLE OF TELEVISION IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION.” Mass Communication Talk, 9 Nov. 2019, www.masscommunicationtalk.com/role-of-television-in-the-field-of-education.html.
▪Saglik, Mediha, and Serap Ozturk. “Television as an Educational Technology: Using Television at Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University .” Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education , vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 74–82.
No comments:
Post a Comment