Assignment
Name :- Nirali Makvana
Class :- M.A Sem 1
Paper :- Literary Theory & Criticism 1
Topic :- Theme, Definition and Function of Poetry
Roll no. :- 21
Submitted to :- Department of English ( Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar university)
Enrollment no. :- 2069108420200023
Batch :- 2019 - 21
☆ Brief introduction about William Wordsworth :-
William Wordsworth is a great Poet and Critic of the Romantic age. He and Samuel Coleridge gave their great contribution to launch the Romantic age in English literature. He was born in 7th April 1770 and died in 23rd April 1850. He and Coleridge both combined published the famous book " Lyrical Ballads " in 1798 in starting of the Romantic age and the ending of the Neo Classical age in 1798. As a Critic he criticised the poem and gave his view in the Preface of the Lyrics Ballads. In this preface he gave his gave his view on the theme, Definition and the function of Criticism.
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☆ The Definition of the Poem :-
In preface of Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth give the Definition of poetry, that is
" Poetry is the Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "
Wordsworth says that this is true. Any value of poem can be attached were never produced on the variety of Subject but it depend on a man who being possessed of,
" More than usual organic sensibility, had also thought long and deeply. "
And also Wordsworth says that our influence of feelings directed by thought which are representative of our past feelings. Through this contemplating we find out what is really important of men. So, by the continuation of this work or act, our feelings will be connected with the most important subject of poetry. Our habits and act of mind will be produced. We work on possessed of such sensibility. After obeying, mechanically and blindly of these habits or acts we shall able to describe object and real sentiments of such a nature and also connection with each other. In all these processes, the understanding of the readers is most necessary because we can able to his affections strengthened, purified and in some degree enlightened.
☆ The theme of Poetry :-
The theme of Wordsworth's Poetry run through his poetry remained consistent throughout. His poetic legacy rest on a large number of poems written by him. The themes are perfectly embody on the language and imagery that he used. He wrote the second addition of the preface of Lyrical Ballads because of defend himself from the negative reviews. He argued that,
" Poetry should be written in the real language of common man, rather than in the lofty and elaborate diction that were then considered ' Poetic.' He believed that the first principle of poetry should be pleasure and so the chief duty of poetry is to provide pleasure through a rhythmic and beautiful expression of feeling. All human sympathy, he asserted is based on a subtle pleasure principle that is the naked and native dignity of man."
His poetic creed construct the Romantic age by identity instinct, pleasure and feeling on mannerism and formality. The addition of Lyrical Ballads in 1798, in the " Advertisement " Coleridge and Wordsworth state that,
" The poem in the collection were intended as a deliberate experiment in style and subject matter. Wordsworth gave his own idea in the preface which is known as the idea of a new theory of poetry. Wordsworth explained his poetic concept, the majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the Purpose of poetic pleasure. "
Wordsworth says that if the experiment of the vernacular language enough of departure form. The focus on uneducated and simple country people to modern literature. " Return to the original state of nature in which man led a purer and more innocent existence " is the main theme of the poetry. Man was corrupted by society. This link with the spreading through Europe and prior to the French Revolution. Wordsworth rejecting the classical norms and composed in a formal and simple style. He attached toward more democtatic theme. The life of poor rural people, farmers, paupers, women and men. He accepts that he is writing in the ordinary language of people, not high level language and people. The Lyrical Ballads includes realistic characters in realistic situations. This is the result of the strong narrative content of the book Lyrical Ballads.
☆ The Function of Poetry :-
According to Wordsworth the poetry seeks edify and ennoble. Wordsworth compared it with natural elements like he says that it is like morning stars, throws its radiant light on the dark and gloominess of life. He is also very sincere about his work. He says that the poet is like a teacher. He import moral lessons to the human being for betterment. Poetry is the instrument for the propagation of moral thought. Wordsworth's poems are not simply but it is difficult because it brings us toward deeply philosophical truth about life and religion. Wordsworth believed that,
" Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge, the impassioned expressions that are in the countenance of all science. "
☆ Subject matter of Poetry :-
Choose situation and incidents from the common life of ordinary people is the principle object of the poem. Wordsworth says that this is the perfect subject matter of any poetry that described them through far possible in a selection of language that is really used by men. Throws on a certain colour of imagination is the main Purpose of the best poetry. According to Wordsworth ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspect. And also make these all situations and incidents interesting by tracing in them, truly though not ostentatiously, the primary laws of our nature. Nature is the main subject in his poem because in which ideas in a state of excitement.
☆ Language of Poetry :-
According to Wordsworth such men communicate with the best objects from which the best part of language is originally derived. The language of these men purified, because of their rank in society and narrow mind, less under the influence of society. Wordsworth gave the writing style of poems that the main Purpose of writing poetry is to convey their feelings of men is more permanent and far more philosophical language. So, we can say that the poetic view of Wordsworth are the most revolutionary. He discards inane phraseology and the gaudiness of modern writers. He clarify that a selection of language of men is a state of vivid sensation.
☆ Three main principles of poetic Diction :-
After the reading of Wordsworth's preface of Lyrical Ballads, and his poetic diction, three main principles came into our attention. These are :
- According to Wordsworth language of poetry must be the language that really used by men and it should be a selection of such a language. All the rustic words can not be used and applied in poetry but it should be clarified and filtered.
- Second principle is that the language should be the men's state of vivid sensation. It should have a colour of imagination. The aspects of words by ordinary men, the poet gives the perfect shapes and colouring imagination and after use it in poem.
3.The final and third step is the language of poetry is full of emotions and feelings. Through the power of imagination the poet used the words and fit in poetic compositions.
☆ Conclusion :-
Thus, above all information and after the reading of the preface of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth, we can Conclude that Wordsworth gave the definition of poetry and the Function of poetry. According to him poem must be with highly sensation of ordinary people. The use of their real language, means not as rustic words but the poet must be refined it and then put in the poem. The poet should be given the colouring of imagination to the poem. Then and then the poem become in perfect shape with perfect language and elements.
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